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Enterprise Architect

Version 7.5

Sparx Systems is proud to announce that Enterprise Architect 7.5 is now available for download. Version 7.5 includes new and enhanced modeling capabilities for the business user, systems engineer and advanced modeler alike – see below for the full list.

Build, trace and transform models from business concepts and rules down to executable BPEL code, collaborate and share large-scale enterprise repositories over multiple sites with high performance version control integration. Leverage new scripting tools to make broad-scale and dynamic model updates on the fly. Visualize your enterprise with new built-in profiles for executive-level strategic modeling.

Experience the all new expressive power in modeling and design with Enterprise Architect 7.5.

See the following pages for more information on each of the new editions:

Screenshots

New Diagram Rendering
New Diagram Rendering
Built-in Model Scripts
Built-in Model Scripts
Enhanced Element List
Enhanced Element List

Overview

Release Notes for EA 7.5

  • New: Editions of Enterprise Architect
    • Version 7.5 introduces 3 new editions of Enterprise Architect
    • Two editions target specific engineering domains
    • A third edition wraps up everything for the ultimate Enterprise Architect experience
    • Each edition bundles licenses for specific MDG products that target the needs of the domain engineer
    • Each edition supports advanced Behavioral Modeling and Code Generation
    • New custom dialogs for various behavioral elements to provide enhanced behavioral modeling capability.
    • Ability to generate source code from behavioral models.
    • Support for code generation from State Machines
    • Support for code generation from Activity Graphs
    • Support for code generation from Sequence Diagrams
  • NEW: Enterprise Architect - Business & Software Engineering Edition
    • Targets software engineering, BPEL generation, behavioral code from business rules, integration with Visual Studio and Eclipse, and various frameworks
    • Includes all functionality in the Enterprise Architect Corporate Edition
    • Examples included in the Example model
    • Advanced Behavioral Modeling and Code Generation for standard coding languages
    • Business Rules Modeling and Code Generation
      • Support for Fact models
      • Support for Rule Flow models
      • New Rule Composer supports modeling and configuration of complex Business Rules from Fact and Rule Flow models
      • Support for behavioral code generation from modeled Rule Sets
    • Business Process Execution Language (BPEL) Support
      • Support for generating BPEL 1.1 from BPMN 1.1 models.
      • Introduced BPMN 1.1 Technology and BPEL diagram type
      • New property dialogs for BPMN 1.1 elements when placed on BPEL diagrams.
    • Support for additional advanced Math functions in the Enterprise Architect Scripting engine
    • MDG Technologies and Add-in licenses included (bundled) with the Business Engineering Edition
      • MDG Link/Integration for Microsoft Visual Studio
      • MDG Link/Integration for Eclipse
      • MDG Technology for Zachman Framework
      • MDG Technology for TOGAF
      • MDG Technology for DODAF/MODAF
  • NEW: Enterprise Architect - Systems Engineering Edition
    • Targets systems, real-time engineering, behavioral code generation, executable UML
    • Includes all functionality in the Enterprise Architect Corporate Edition
    • Examples included in the Example model
    • Advanced Behavioral Modeling and Code Generation for HDL's, Ada and standard coding languages
    • Ada 2005 Language Support
      • Added Ada 2005 language support
    • Support for OMG SysML 1.1
    • Support for SysML Parametrics Simulation
    • Hardware Descriptions Languages Support
      • SystemC support added
      • VHDL support added
      • Verilog support added
    • Support for additional advanced Math functions in the Enterprise Architect Scripting engine
    • MDG Technologies and Add-in licenses included (bundled) with the Systems Engineering Edition
      • MDG Technology for SysML
      • MDG Link/Integration for Microsoft Visual Studio
      • MDG Link/Integration for Eclipse
      • MDG Technology for DDS
      • MDG Technology for DODAF/MODAF
  • NEW: Enterprise Architect - Ultimate Edition
    • Combines all the features in the Business Engineering and Systems Engineering Editions
  • New: 'built-in' MDG Technologies
    • Introduced MDG Technology for Strategic Modeling - including
      • Strategy Maps,
      • Balanced Scorecards,
      • Value Chains,
      • Flow Charts,
      • Decision Trees and
      • Organization Charts.
    • New MDG Technology for ArchiMate, which supports The Open Group's ArchiMate enterprise architecture standard.
    • New MDG Technology for SPEM, which supports version 2.0 of the OMG's Software Process Engineering Metamodel standard.
    • New MDG Technology for Business Rule Modeling. Supports modeling Business Rules in Enterprise Architect Business Engineering Edition
    • Web Modeling UML Profile now incorporated as a built-in MDG technology.
  • New: Scripting support (Corporate Edition and above)
    • Write scripts inside Enterprise Architect using either VBScript, JScript or Javascript.
    • Full and immediate access to the Enterprise Architect automation object model
    • Built in Repository object to facilitate instant scripting
    • Built in Intellisense support for the Enterprise Architect Object Model
    • Built in Intellisense support for the major scripting language constructs on a per language basis
    • Advanced math functions are also supported in the Business and Systems Engineering versions of EA
    • Save scripts directly into the current model.
    • Save scripts to a local file, for use in all models.
    • Support for a "Scripts" subdirectory in the Enterprise Architect installation directory.
    • Support for Scripts embedded in MDG Technology files.
    • Ability to export scripts as reference data.
    • Default Session objects for printing out trace information
    • Console window for executing script commands in "immediate" mode
  • New: Diagram Layout Window
    • Added new dockable window with 10 new layout styles.
    • Can help with manual layout, or automatically layout diagrams.
    • Each command includes configuration options, allowing you to customize the results.
    • Added new lateral connector style.
    • Added logic to automatically switch between horizontal and vertical tree style connectors.
  • New and Improved WAN and Large Model Support (Corporate Edition and above)
    • Lazy Loading
      • Only implemented for DBMS connections (not for .EAP files)
      • Can greatly minimize the time taken to load large models and/or models accessed over a network with low bandwidth (eg. WAN).
      • Lazy Load capability defers loading of model packages until required by the client.
      • Is configurable on a per-connection basis, so two connections to the same DBMS can be configured with and without Lazy Load
      • Can be used in conjunction with the WAN Optimizer
    • WAN Optimizer
      • Lightweight server that can be installed on a LAN connection to the host DBMS
      • Accessible by WAN based clients over socket connection (eg. when client is on a WAN based VPN connection)
      • Acts as a local proxy to retrieve data and compress data for transmission to client
      • Significantly improves performance by reducing the amount of data transmitted and the number of network calls made
  • New and improved Themes support
    • Added new visual themes (UI appearance) to choose from.
    • Modified all docked windows to support and use the current theme.
    • Configurable status bar
    • New status bar indicator "WAN" - active when the WAN Optimizer is enabled
    • New diagram zoom control in status bar
      • Allows for immediate configuration of a general "all diagram" zoom level.
      • Independent of the per diagram "zoom level" set by the diagram toolbar.
      • Ideal for viewing all diagrams at a higher zoom level on a per user basis.
  • General Appearance, Performance and Reliability Improvements
    • Added "slideshow" model view type, which shows all the contained diagrams in order in fullscreen mode.
    • Added command from toolbox item context menu to synchronize the tagged values and constraints of a stereotype.
    • Added Directory custom tagged value type.
    • Added handling of C# 3.0 and VB 9.0 code constructs.
    • Added handling of localized decimal symbol in Estimation factors.
    • Added new functionality to validate the configuration settings for version controlled packages.
    • Added 'Realization' to Create Metaclass dialog in place of 'Realisation'.
    • Added specific warning about opening a read-only .eap file.
    • Added Stereotype column to Element List.
    • Added support for Code Modules in MDG technologies to specify the name of constructors etc.
    • Added support for creating profiled items from 'Create New Element' dialog.
    • Added support for moving required interfaces on sequence diagrams.
    • Added support for search filters on element Defects.
    • Added support for showing details of selected maintenance, project management and testing windows item in Notes Window.
    • Added support for showing generated XMI, XSD and WSDL files in EA's internal editor if an external viewer is not available
    • Added support for stripping GUIDs in tagged-values when importing an XMI 1.1 or XMI 2.1 file with Strip GUID option
    • Added support for using Sparx Keystore (shared keys) when running under Wine or Cross Over Office (Linux/Mac).
    • Added support to move or copy test cases between testing types of an element.
    • Added toolbar to search view, including an option for how to display the notes.
    • Corrected minor project transfer errors.
    • Corrected searches on Oracle that return over 1000 results.
    • Discontinued support for RealTime UML add-in (rolled into Systems Engineering Edition).
    • Fix configuration of model validation whitelists and blacklists.
    • Fix direction setting of quicklink connectors.
    • Fixed issue of missing association notes during XSD Import.
    • Fixed issue when remove Trigger from Transition.
    • Fixed issue where the "aggregation" attribute was set incorrectly on the generated XMI 2.1 for Association connector
    • Fixed transfer of connectors owned state in Package transformation.
    • Improve project transfer to and from Access 2007.
    • Improved auditing performance.
    • Improved baseline comparison of element scenarios.
    • Improved creation of operation returning arrays from transformation templates.
    • Improved current context immediately after dropping an element from the project browser.
    • Improved display of combo boxes listing available searches.
    • Improved display of stereotyped Activity Partitions.
    • Improved drawing and tracking of Ports and Parts with shapescripts when bound to their owning parent
    • Improved drawing of connectors drawn with dashed lines in tree style.
    • Improved drawing of formatted notes to diagram where the selected font contains unicode characters.
    • Improved drawing of long element stereotypes on sequence diagrams.
    • Improved GDI+ metafiles when generating RTF documents
    • Improved general performance in models containing a large number of security locks.
    • Improved highlight of features in diagram when selecting feature in dialog.
    • Improved loading time of the Classifier Dialog in very large models.
    • Improved performance of 'Insert Related Elements' command when a large numbers of elements will be inserted.
    • Improved performance when applying a security lock to a package.
    • Improved performance when moving large numbers of elements on a diagram (in a single step).
    • Improved reliability when using case sensitive MSSQL model
    • Improved resources usage while loading EA and displaying diagrams.
    • Improved Set Element Classifier dialog loading time.
    • Improved snapping of connector line points to perpendicular line segments.
    • Improved synchronization of attributes and methods with tagged values.
    • Improved synchronization of profiled attributes and operations when dropping from the resource tree.
    • Improved version control performance when creating context menus.
    • Improved XMI 2.1 export of types using predefined common types.
    • Introduced an "All Scenarios" option as a target for notes linked to element features.
    • Made type of bool/boolean tagged values in profiles case-insensitive.
    • MDG Technology for ArchiMate: changed shape scripts for interface and collaboration elements.
    • Modified CSV import routine to only allow EA style GUIDS for the GUID field.
    • Modified handling of text elements so that they automatically resize to fit the text being displayed.
    • Modified HTML export to only copy local files to generated location.
    • Modified lists for docked maintenance, project management and testing windows to preserve absolute column widths instead of percentages.
    • Modified state table to only show state elements.
    • Observe element locking with the quicklinker.
    • Prevent a crash that may occur when deleting an element and its children from the search view window
    • Prevent access to "Lock Item" dialog, through Diagram toolbars and menus, for Diagram Objects locked by other users.
    • Prevent an error when using recent MySQL ODBC drivers which do not correctly support alternate images (binary data)
    • Prevent deletion of packages which contain child items checked out to any other user in a version controlled model
    • Project management element resource allocation added to core auditing level.
    • Redirected instant help for BPMN elements.
    • Restored Expand Branch functionality in Project Browser.
    • Updated diagrams after deleting link from Rules and Scenarios window.
    • Updated drawing of artifacts to account for long names.
    • Use transparent icons when generating HTML reports.Improved handling of transforming operations that return an array.
  • Automation
    • Added support for Collection.GetByName for the MethodTags collection.
    • Support generating RTF Master Documents via IProject.RunReport.
  • Baseline
    • Added ability to compare requirement stability.
  • Code Generation
    • Added ability to list over the following properties of elements in code or transform templates.
      • Constraint, Effort, LinkedFile, Metric, Problem, Requirement, Resource, Risk, Scenario, Test
    • Added parsing of Actionscript 3 Vector type.
    • Added parsing of VB.Net functions without parameter lists.
    • Added transform of ExecutionEnvironment, StateMachine and Trigger element types.
  • Code & Script Editor Changes
    • All new, intelligent code and scripting editor.
    • Added syntax highlighting to the Initial Code field of the operation behavior dialog.
    • Allowed the appearance of Common Code Editor calltips to be specified in the corresponding configuration files.
    • Autocomplete functionality based on elements and features within the currently open model
    • Automatic indenting for supported languages.
    • Faster loading with support for more languages and larger files
    • Improved brace matching.
    • Improved Javascript engine to better support use of the global Repository as the default scripting object
    • Improved syntax highlighting for a much wider set of languages.
    • Intellisense and autocomplete functionality built in.
    • Intellisense support added for shape scripts, database view element sql and custom search query sql editors.
    • Prevented Code Editor key combinations from opening EA dialogs bound to the same key combination.
  • Data Modeling
    • Added support for DDL generation of SQL Server index INCLUDE.
    • Allow for inbuilt editor to view generated DDL.
    • Corrected error importing schema from DB2 that includes table aliases.
    • Corrected middle top label for foreign keys.
    • Corrected reverse engineering of indexes from Oracle ensuring all indexes are imported.
    • Ensured composite indexes imported from PostgreSQL contain all columns.
    • Improved DBView dialog handling of objects not loaded on a diagram.
    • Improved DDL Generation for Foreign Key Constarint Tags for Oracle Databases.
    • Improved DDL Generation for ORACLE INDEX Properties.
    • Improved DDL Generation for Oracle Storage Clauses.
    • Improved DDL Generation for sp_addextendedproperty statement for SQL Server databases.
    • Improved DDL Generation for Storage Clauses for UNIQUE and PRIMARY KEY Constraints in Oracle.
    • Improved Drop Sequence Statement generation for PostgreSQL Database.
    • Improved generation of DDL for MySQL data models having circular foreign key references.
    • Improved import of Integer columns from MySQL to display correctly in the Foreign Key dialog.
    • Improved Import of Oracle TIMESTAMP WITH TIMEZONE and TIMESTAMP WITH LOCAL TIME ZONE datatypes.
    • Improved Import of SQL Server 2008 datatypes.
    • Improved MDA Transformation to allow foreign keys to be NULL.
    • Improved Order of DDL Generation.
    • Improved OWNER Name generation in DDL for PostgreSQL repository.
    • Improved support for table properties in Oracle.
    • Improved Table property dialog box after importing from SQL Server 2008.
    • Prevent editing of Foreign Key connector labels and foreign key direction.
    • Prevent generation of Oracle foreign key names over 30 characters long.
    • Stop error/warning messages about sysproperties tables when importing SQL Server 2008.
    • Support for Geography and Geometry Datatypes for SQL Server 2008.
  • Improved debugging/profiling capabilities
    • Added debug control window to manage debugging sessions and windows
    • Allow greater set of operands when constructing state transition constraints
    • Breakpoints now show error messages when failing to bind
    • Create data bound breakpoints which activate on changes to data variables
    • Enable / Disable diagnostic logging function for debug sessions
    • Evaluate global / static variables using the Autos window
    • Modified all debugging windows to allow separate docking to create a detailed debugging environment
    • More stringent matching of source code to binaries during debugging
    • Package scripts for selected class or package can be accessed directly using the Debugger Control Window.
    • Record/Create sequence diagrams for the current stack or history
  • Diagram Rendering Engine - New and Improved
    • Added display of compartments provided by SysML and DDS.
    • Added support for setting background colors of non-transparent UI Controls in diagram.
    • All new anti-aliased rendering of diagrams
    • Configurable with 3 different modes
      • Basic : no smoothing
      • Enhanced 1 : inbuilt smoothing
      • Enhanced 2 : smoothing via GDI+ (Not available under WINE)
    • Improved gradient fills of all elements
    • Metafile support for anti-aliased drawing (Not available under WINE and only supported by some client applications, such as MS Word)
    • Numerous enhancements to metafiles and generalized drawing routines
    • Smoothing of all lines and shapes, including shape scripted elements
  • General Diagramming Behavior
    • All new "Quick" buttons activated when element selected in diagram
      • Quick access to formatting commands
      • Quick access to common dialogs and commands
      • Quick access to Help for the current element
      • Quick access to Document generation for packages
    • Added new "sweeper" method for moving all elements relative to the mouse position on a diagram.
      • To activate press and hold the ALT key, then click the left mouse button and drag
      • The initial movement will set the type and direction of the "sweeper" control
      • Elements on the active side (or quadrant) of the sweeper will be moved only
    • Added a small red italic "A" indicator to diagram elements which have a defined linked document
    • Changed from single click to double click for timeline element quickbuttons.
    • Ensure packages dropped on a diagram from the project browser are always selectable.
    • Improved drawing of bezier curves with offscreen control points
    • Modified horizontal swimlanes to have a minimum height.
    • Separated a number of options relating to diagram appearance onto a new options page.
  • Discussion Forum Improvements
    • Added "Recent Discussion" node to the Model Views window for quick access to discussion topics
    • Improved general usability of forum editor
    • Modified discussion forum to edit posts inside window instead of new dialog.
  • Documentation - HTML and RTF
    • Added #CLASSIFIER# to "Object - Body" section of HTML reports.
    • Added #STEREOTYPE# to "Link Line Item" section.
    • Added a "Model Document" (insert element linked document) field to RTF templates under the "External Requirements" section
    • Added Header Row menu item to RTF Document editor.
    • Added menu "Update Styles" to Linked document and RTF Template editors - imports default styles from file "normal.rtf"
    • Added menu item "Insert->Insert RTF File" to Linked document and RTF Template editors.
    • Added new section "Linked Document".
    • Common settings are saved when the generate dialog is closed.
    • Corrected heading level when generating Model Documents.
    • Ensure .rtf extension for all RTF reports.
    • Improved documentation on section Tags in HTML reports.
    • Improved filtering of elements from search in RTF generation.
    • Improved generation of scenarios to legacy RTF generator.
    • Improved inserting of OLE objects to allow for a wider range of objects in RTF.
    • Improved user experience and general RTF bug fixes
    • Internal Requirements are now sorted by name.
    • New RTF fields for Author and Language in the Package section.
    • Resource based Documents now restore options they're saved with when generating.
    • Table headings are now displayed correctly when filtering is used.
    • Viewing RTF documents has Header/Footer on by default.
  • Improved Element List and Search Results windows
    • Drag and drop columns to form instant groupings
    • Easier navigation
    • Improved performance and loading times
    • Improved search view and element list to allow arbitrary grouping
  • Improved WINE support
    • Improved performance under WINE. Application no longer causes high CPU load while idle.
    • Removed separate WINE build, WINE is now automatically detected by normal version.
  • Model Views, Searches and Element List
    • Added capability for model/search views automatic refreshing and notifying when new items are added.
      • See model views folder properties dialog.
      • With custom queries and integrated security supports implementation of flexible workflow procedures
    • Added hot keys to launch model view as element list (report style list)
    • Added option to set double click as "Open Search in Main Window" or "Refresh Folder Contents"
    • Custom searches returning ad hoc columns now show a best-fit column width based on column content
    • Column layout and grouping is now preserved for all search types between sessions
    • Modified the drop list of Searches (eg. in the Manage Searches dialog) to categorize searches by type
    • Printing the report view now takes landscape orientation into account
    • Search entry on the "Start Page" changed to use Extended, rather than Simple search
  • Modeling Changes
    • Added new behavioral modeling property tabs for various behavioral elements.
    • Added new type "Packaging Component". This allows for creation of components that can contain packages.
    • Added support for activity partitions, and other elements selected by the user to dock to each other.
    • Added support for composite interfaces.
    • Added support for connectors between attributes and operations. (Link objects then specify the linked features.)
    • Added support for Device elements owning ExecutionEnvironment elements.
    • Changed display of derived attributes so that the '/' is drawn immediately before the name.
    • Changed display of interface elements to not use italic font, in accordance with UML 2.1 specification.
    • Extended list of element types for which status colors can be displayed.
    • Improved attribute/association end comparison in model validation.
    • Improved handling of language-specific visibilities in model validation.
    • Improved syntax checking for interrupt flows.
  • MDG Technology Enhancements
    • Ability to define custom Project Browser icons for stereotypes in a technology.
    • Ability to disable the "Basic UML 2 Technology" and to hide EA's built-in toolboxes, diagrams and quicklinks for a fully customizable experience.
    • Added support for defining toolbox items for UML Patterns.
    • Added support for including Scripts in Technologies
    • Added support for specifying default swimlanes and diagram properties for custom diagram types.
    • Allow tree-style connectors to be defined in UML Profiles.
    • MDG Technology for BPMN upgraded to support BPMN 1.1.
  • Printing
    • Enable setting margins to diagram print/print preview.
    • Improved "scale to 1 page" capability
    • Improved handling of page size after changing printer.
    • Improved printing of diagram frames.
  • Project Security (Corporate Edition and above)
    • Added ability to import user ids for security from Windows Active Directory.
    • Added check for export permission for Batch XMI Export.
  • Rich text based notes
    • Notes editor now appears with an isolating grey border and small margin to increase readability
    • Applies to all instances of the notes editor
    • Docked notes, element properties, diagram properties & etc.
    • Rich text notes have also been added to many more fields, including (but not limited to):
      • Additional testing fields
      • Maintenance fields
      • Project management fields
  • Shape Scripts
    • Added diagram.connectornotation property for connector shape scripts.
    • Added shape script attribute dockable.
    • Added shape script attribute fixedAspectRatio.
    • Added shape script property "diagram.mdgtype" for identifying custom diagrams.
  • Slideshow Capability
    • For presentations and demonstrations based on model diagrams
    • Play a Model View "slideshow" either at a set pace, or manually - slide by slide
    • Slideshows play in full-screen mode
    • Support for defining a Model View as a "slideshow"
  • User Interface
    • Added a "Set Font" button on the format toolbar
    • Added a menu option to find a CallOperationAction's operation in the project tree.
    • Added a menu option to find a Port or Part's classifier in the project tree.
    • Added a new button to the UML Elements toolbar - provides a menu driven drop list of all available elements and connectors
    • Added Text, Hyperlink, Diagram Legend and Diagram Notes to the Common toolbox.
    • Baseline comparison now only shows changed elements by default.
    • Code page enumeration errors are no longer reported to the System Output bar.
    • Enabled execution of user specified "Tools", when no model is loaded.
    • Expand User Interface toolbox to include all UI control subtypes.
    • Extended search term string entry capacity.
    • Fixed display of tagged values in element compartments on diagrams under MySQL (applies to very long values only))
    • Improved behavior of relationship matrix when using settings based on a profile.
    • Improved handling of cursor when showing context menu for diagram.
    • Improved handling of regional formatting in the Time Allocated field of the Docked Resources Window.
    • Improved keyboard navigation around the CSV Specification dialog.
    • Improved list of code languages available to import when languages in database are disabled.
    • Improved Project Browser multiselect under Vista
    • Modified hyperlink properties dialog to allow selection of the different types of hyperlinks that are available.
    • Modified options dialog to show the help for the currently open page
    • Modified Project Transfer dialog to allow reading full values of source and target project fields.
    • Modified use case resize to provide visual feedback of the actual size.
    • Option "No warning for spaces in class names" extended to attribute and operation names.
    • Prevent "Drop as Port or Part" dialog from popping up when dropping a class onto a partition.
    • Removed display of database version in connection name and type dialog.
  • Version Control
    • Fixed issue where importing operation tags whose value contained more than 255 characters caused database errors during an XMI 2.1 import.
    • Improved listing of sub-folder content using Get Package function with Perforce.
    • Improved 'undo check-out' of TFS controlled packages, following offline check-out.
    • Improved version control functionality for packages with version control configurations that are undefined.
    • Modified version control to honor last-known package statuses, when EA cannot communicate with version control provider.
  • Visual Execution Analyzer
    • Addressed infrequent issue of activation levels being drawn incorrectly in generated sequence diagrams
    • Debugging of Microsoft .NET managed C++ projects had issue with losss of stack frames and missing class names which has been resolved.
    • Failures attaching to processes under Windows Vista have been addressed.
  • XSD & XMI import/export
    • Added support for importing UseCase "include" and "extend" connectors from StarUML exported XMI.
    • Added support for importing a top-level element, that does not have a "type" attribute or inline definition, as an XSDtopLevelElement.
    • Corrected export of Interaction Fragment type to XMI 2.1.
    • Corrected export of parent package GUIDs to XMI 1.1.
    • Fixed issue where label co-ordinates may not be round-tripped correctly using XMI.
    • Fixed issue where modelGroup was sometimes generated after XSDattributes in an XSDcomplexType class.
    • Fixed issue where namespace-prefixes were incorrectly generated in XML Schema.
    • Improved export of ActivityPartitions and its contents to XMI 2.1.
    • Improved import of notes on elements when importing from Rose exported XMI 1.1 and EMX file.