I think you're asking two different questions.
The fully-qualified namespace is not stored in any table. It is not available in the API, nor by a (simple) SQL query because its depth is arbitrary.
You can retrieve the element's package (Element.PackageID / t_object.Package_ID), and from the package you can get its parent (Package.ParentID / t_package.Parent_ID), and so on until you hit the namespace root (Package.IsNamespace / t_package.Namespace) or the package root node (Package.IsModel / t_package.Parent_ID = 0).
Note that, depending on your metamodel, if the element is located inside another element that should or should not be reflected in the namespace. If so, you need to start not with the element's containing package but with its containing element: Element.ParentID / t_object.ParentID; 0 if the element has no parent (which is where you start traversing up the package tree).
Thus far namespaces. What you're describing with MyNode : MyNodeType is the instance / classifier relationship. You find the classifier of an instance in Element.ClassifierID or t_object.Classifier. Note that Element.Type is simply the UML type of the element, ie Class, Component, Object, Part, etc.
To get the fully-qualified classifier name of an instance you'd have to first retrieve the classifier, then construct its namespace as outlined above.